Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP). There are many glaucoma surgeries, and variations or combinations of those surgeries, that facilitate the escape of excess aqueous humor from the eye to lower intraocular pressure, and a few that lower IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous.
Although there is no cure for glaucoma, treatment often can control it. Most doctors use medications to control intraocular pressure in newly diagnosed glaucoma. When medical treatment is inadequate or inappropriate, glaucoma surgery may be required.
In Laser trabeculoplasty, a high-energy beam of light is used to stretch the drainage channels inside the eye. This helps to facilitate fluid drainage from the eye, thereby lowering the intraocular pressure. In angle-closure glaucoma, a laser is used to create a hole (iridotomy) in the iris to improve the flow of aqueous fluid to the drainage system.