Cataract surgery is the removal of the lens of the eye that has developed a cataract. The natural lens is usually then replaced with an artificial intraocular lens. Cataract operations are generally regarded as among the safest types of surgery, and although complications can occur, well over 90% of operations are successful in restoring useful vision.
A cataract is a clouding of the crystalline lens of the eye. Because it is not a film over-the lens it can't be removed with a laser or eye drops. Surgery is the only way to treat cataract. Surgery involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with a plastic intraocular lens (IOL). Both steps are generally done at the same time, although the implant can be placed later.
Currently, the two main types of cataract extraction performed by ophthalmologists are phacoemulsification (phaco) and conventional extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), usually followed by intraocular lens insertion: