The GPS satellite system was built and is maintained by government and is available at no cost to civilians. This makes this technology very inexpensive. Other AVL systems do not require the antenna to be in direct line of sight with the sky. Terrestrial based systems such as Loran and LoJack tracking units use radio frequency (RF) transmitters which will transmit through walls, garages, or buildings. Many police cruisers around the world have a form of AVL tracking as standard equipment in their vehicles.
Some vehicle tracking systems incur a cost to the user in the form of monthly fees. Companies such as StreetEagle, and Track Star bundle mapping software, with hardware, installation and tracking into monthly subscriptions. Other companies such as the LoJack units are paid for upon installation and will continue to work for the life of the vehicle. The decision to adopt an active technology based on RF (e.g. Loran), satellite or public carrier (e.g. CDMA) is driven by the quantity of information, the frequency of updates, and the physical environment of the device. For example a fleet manager may want 5 minute updates, telling whether a vehicle is on or off, or may want 30 second updates tracking engine vitals, brake status, container status, vehicle speed and direction and so on.
Emergency vehicle tracking requires sophisticated control mechanisms and software to ensure accurate, usable, real time information about the vehicles under your control.
Tracking of emergency vehicles differs from the tracking of commercial vehicles in that the update requirement (the frequency positions are needed) varies continuously. For example, an ambulance 'at station' or preparing a patient for transport at the scene of an incident may not need to be polled at a high rate. However, when a vehicle is 'mobile incident' or 'mobile hospital' one would generally need to access it's position more frequently. Updates are transmitted to the despatching system in real time so that operators are able to make informed decisions about the despatching and redirection of vehicles.