Typically an Independent Financial Adviser will conduct a detailed survey of their client's financial position, preferences and objectives; this is sometimes known as a 'factfind'. They will then advise appropriate action to meet the client's objectives; and if necessary recommend a suitable financial product to match the client's needs.
Individuals and businesses consult IFAs on many matters including investment, retirement planning, insurance and mortgages (or other loans). IFAs also advise on some tax and legal matters.